A small p-value often means the observed data effect is statistically significant. Set a significance level to compare with the p-value to validate investment hypotheses. Utilizing p-values in Excel ...

Geoff Cumming has received funding from the Australian Research Council. For researchers there’s a lot that turns on the p value, the number used to determine whether a result is statistically ...

The P value reported by tests is a probabilistic significance, not a biological one. Figure 2: Repeated independent observations are used to estimate the s.d. of the null distribution and derive a ...

Senior Lecturer in Comparative and Environmental Physiology, University of Roehampton How should scientists interpret their data? Emerging from their labs after days, weeks, months, even years spent ...